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Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): Causes, Effects, and Legal Rights

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a serious brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation before, during, or after birth. Many HIE cases are preventable.

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): Causes, Effects, and Legal Rights - California birth injury attorney legal information and medical malpractice claim guidance

What is Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy?

HIE occurs when the brain doesn't receive enough oxygen and blood flow, causing brain cells to die. It affects approximately 2-9 per 1,000 live births and can result in permanent disabilities including cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy.

Causes of HIE

Medical negligence leading to HIE includes:
  • Failure to monitor fetal heart rate and recognize distress
  • Delayed response to fetal distress
  • Failure to perform emergency C-section in time
  • Umbilical cord problems (prolapse, compression, nuchal cord) not properly managed
  • Placental abruption or uterine rupture not promptly addressed
  • Prolonged or difficult labor without intervention

Stages of HIE Severity

HIE is classified into three stages:
  • Mild HIE: Baby may be irritable or hyperalert but usually recovers fully
  • Moderate HIE: Baby is lethargic with decreased muscle tone; some risk of long-term problems
  • Severe HIE: Baby may be unconscious with seizures; high risk of death or permanent brain damage

Therapeutic Hypothermia Treatment

Cooling therapy (therapeutic hypothermia) must be started within 6 hours of birth to be effective. The baby's body temperature is lowered for 72 hours to slow brain damage. Failure to provide timely cooling therapy when indicated may constitute negligence.

Pursuing an HIE Lawsuit

HIE cases often result in substantial settlements due to the severity of injuries. Key evidence includes fetal monitoring strips, delivery records, and expert testimony establishing what should have been done differently. Compensation covers lifetime medical care, therapy, and other needs.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the long-term effects of HIE?
Depending on severity, HIE can cause cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, motor impairments, vision or hearing problems, epilepsy, and behavioral disorders. Severe cases may be fatal or result in a vegetative state.
How much compensation can I receive for an HIE case?
HIE settlements often range from $3 million to $25 million or more, depending on the severity of injury and lifetime care needs. These cases require extensive expert testimony to establish damages.

Get the Justice Your Child Deserves

Don't let medical negligence go unanswered. Contact our birth injury attorneys for a free case evaluation.

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